345 pages, $56.95 list
1-57766-713-1
978-1-57766-713-1
© 2012
paperback
eBook availability
Camp Counseling
Leadership and Programming for the Organized Camp
Eighth Edition
Through the first seven editions of this enduring text, A. Viola Mitchell shared her knowledge and skills with legions of educators, camp directors, and counselors who participated in the organized camp movement. This classic, highly regarded volume has now been thoroughly updated to provide a 21st-century view of the trends, philosophies, and practices of organized camping. The Eighth Edition retains the overarching emphasis on leadership skills and program activities and ideas, updating their treatment with the latest research on positive youth development and outcomes-based programming.
New chapters discuss trends in organized camping, efforts to expand opportunities for camp participation, and strategies to increase physical activity among children and youth. Substantially revised topics include modern behavior management tools and techniques, leadership strategies, problem solving, group processes, and the importance of research and evaluation. Throughout, the authors infuse the discussion with a “leave no trace” conservation ethic that promotes ways to enjoy the outdoors in a responsible, sustainable manner.
The essence of organized camping has remained the same throughout its 150-year history: democratic, group living in the outdoors supported by competent, well-trained leaders. The latest edition of Camp Counseling celebrates that essence in every chapter, illuminated by more than 120 new photographs as well as numerous illustrations and boxed exhibits. Moreover, extensive, annotated resource lists in every chapter provide countless opportunities to explore topics in greater depth.
New chapters discuss trends in organized camping, efforts to expand opportunities for camp participation, and strategies to increase physical activity among children and youth. Substantially revised topics include modern behavior management tools and techniques, leadership strategies, problem solving, group processes, and the importance of research and evaluation. Throughout, the authors infuse the discussion with a “leave no trace” conservation ethic that promotes ways to enjoy the outdoors in a responsible, sustainable manner.
The essence of organized camping has remained the same throughout its 150-year history: democratic, group living in the outdoors supported by competent, well-trained leaders. The latest edition of Camp Counseling celebrates that essence in every chapter, illuminated by more than 120 new photographs as well as numerous illustrations and boxed exhibits. Moreover, extensive, annotated resource lists in every chapter provide countless opportunities to explore topics in greater depth.
Reactions
“I teach Camp Administration and run a summer day camp. I found the information in this textbook to be spot-on, especially for training camp staff and camp programming.” — Jean Holt, Old Dominion University
Part I: GROWTH, STRUCTURE, AND VALUES OF ORGANIZED CAMPS
1. Organized Camps—What Are They?
Why Go Camping? / Structured Camp Experiences / Camp and Camper Characteristics
2. History of Organized Camps
Early Campers / The Beginnings of Organized Camping / Developmental Periods of Camping / The Organization of the Camp Movement / The American Camp Association (ACA) / Other Professional Organizations
3. Values in Organized Camping
Camping Is Education / Characteristics and Benefits of the Camp Environment / Camps and Positive Youth Development / Reaching Goals
4. Trends in Camping
Camp Growth / Camp as a Learning Environment / Camp Physical Structures / Appealing to Camper Interests and Needs / Professionalization of Camp Staff / Flexible Camp Programming / Health Practices and Healthy Camps / Camp Standards and Government Involvement / Research and Evaluation / Ecology and Conservation / Emerging Issues
5. Expanding Opportunities for Camp Participation
Diversity, Special Needs, and Cultural Competence / Millennials / Campers with Disabilities / Campers from At-Risk Communities / Latino/Latina Populations / Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Queer, and Transgender Campers and Staff / Older Adults / Family and Multi-Generational Camping / An Inclusion Audit
Part II: THE ROLE OF CAMP STAFF
6. The Camp Counselor
Characteristics of a Good Counselor / Self-Appraisal / Other Ideas about Maturity and Camp Employment / The Counselor's Rewards / Getting a Job Offer
7. Counselors on the Job
Camp Staff / The Job Description / Pre-Camp Training / Counselor Relationships with Other Staff / The First Day of Camp / Resident Camp Housekeeping / Other Camp Responsibilities / Safety / Dining Room Procedures for Resident Camps / Rest and Sleep at Resident Camps / Other Considerations / Counselor-in-Training Programs / Top Counselor Responsibilities
8. Understanding Human Development
How to Influence Others / The Fundamental Desires / Basic Emotions / Developmental Characteristics / Campers Are Individuals / How Learning Takes Place / The Psychology of Learning / Behavior Management
9. Counselors as Group Leaders
Elements of Dynamic Leadership / Types of Leaders / Which Leadership Style Is Best? / Characteristics of a Good Leader / Group Development Stages / Group Process Model / Working with a Group / Developing Camper Leadership
10. The Counselor's Role in Guidance
Patterns of Guidance / Suggestions for Observing Behavior / Guidance through Group Discussions / Guidance through Individual Discussions
11. Potential Problems
Appropriate Mental Health / Developing Insight / Withdrawn or Evasive Campers / Aggressive Campers / Bullying / Homesick Campers / Racism, Heterosexism, Sexism, and Other Prejudicial Behavior / Enuresis / Child Abuse / Dietary Concerns and Eating Disorders / Sexual Interest, Innuendo, and Sexual Identity / Strong Friendships, Hero Worship, and Crushes / Substance Abuse / Counseling Strategies and Advice
Part III: CAMP ACTIVITIES
12. Planning the Program
Program Mission, Goals, and Objectives / Camp Logic Models / Why Programs Differ / Changing Program Emphases / The Conception of a Program / The Test of a Good Program Activity / Activities, Projects, and Events
13. Spiritual Life, Ceremonies, and Special Events
Spiritual Aspects of Camping / Worship Services and Devotion / Special Events / Flag Ceremonies / Evening Outdoor Programs
14. Music, Rhythm, and Drama Activities
Singing in the Camp Program / Rhythmical Instruments / Drama Activites
15. Literature and Writing
Camp Reading Programs / Storytelling / Creative Writing
16. Arts and Crafts
An Indigenous Program / Conducting the Program / Possible Projects
17. Nature, Ecology, and Science
Understanding the Ecosystem Concept / Nature Appreciation and Learning Activities / Studies in the Environment
18. The Waterfront
Water Safety / Program Trends / The Waterfront Staff / The Swimming, Diving, and Lifesaving Program / Boating
19. Outdoor Adventure Programs
Characteristics of Adventure Programs / Values of Adventure Programs / Core Components / Risk versus Challenge / The Role of the Leader / Initiative Games, Trust Exercises, and Ropes Courses / Trip Camping
20. Physical Activity and Other Camp Opportunities
Physical Activity in Camps / Sports and Physical Activity / Horseback Riding / Other Opportunities for Physical Activity / Other Innovative Program Opportunities
Part IV: OUTDOOR LIVING, CAMPING, AND TRAIL SKILLS
21. Safety and Emergency Skills
Common Health and Safety Problems at Camp / Dealing with Emergencies / Plant Hazards / Creature Hazards
22. Knots and Lashing
Ropes / Knots / Lashing
23. The Weather
Weather Forecasting / Precipitation and Related Weather / Clouds / Weather Instruments
24. Finding Your Way in the Outdoors
Navigation Aids / Do Not Get Lost / Telling Directions without a Compass / Way-Finding Games / Orienteering / Geocaching
25. Hiking and Trail Skills
Care for Your Feet / Loading and Carrying a Pack / Hiking Techniques / Low and Minimum Impact Hiking and Camping Techniques / Hiking Variations for Additional Fun
26. Using a Knife, Axe, and Other Tools
The Camp Knife / Axes / Saws / Other Tools
27. Tents and Shelters
Types of Tents / Tent Features / Selecting a Tent / Use and Care of Tents / Tarp and Poncho Shelters
28. Sleeping Outdoors
Requirements for Sleeping Comfort / Blanket Beds / Mattresses / Ground Sheet or Tarp
29. Camp Stoves and Wood Fires
Alternatives to Wood Fires / Wood Fires
30. Food and Outdoor Cooking
Planning Meals / Packing Food / Outdoor Cooking / Keeping Food Safe
31. Gear for Camping and Trips
Ditty Bags and Stuff Sacks / Clothing / Miscellaneous Articles and Equipment / Checklists for Packing Equipment
Appendix A: Suggestions for Conducting Courses in Camp Counseling
Appendix B: The Best, Most Incredible Staff Training
Appendix C: Suggestions for Conducting Camp CIT (Counselor-in-Training) Courses
Appendix D: 21st Century Camp Bibliography
1. Organized Camps—What Are They?
Why Go Camping? / Structured Camp Experiences / Camp and Camper Characteristics
2. History of Organized Camps
Early Campers / The Beginnings of Organized Camping / Developmental Periods of Camping / The Organization of the Camp Movement / The American Camp Association (ACA) / Other Professional Organizations
3. Values in Organized Camping
Camping Is Education / Characteristics and Benefits of the Camp Environment / Camps and Positive Youth Development / Reaching Goals
4. Trends in Camping
Camp Growth / Camp as a Learning Environment / Camp Physical Structures / Appealing to Camper Interests and Needs / Professionalization of Camp Staff / Flexible Camp Programming / Health Practices and Healthy Camps / Camp Standards and Government Involvement / Research and Evaluation / Ecology and Conservation / Emerging Issues
5. Expanding Opportunities for Camp Participation
Diversity, Special Needs, and Cultural Competence / Millennials / Campers with Disabilities / Campers from At-Risk Communities / Latino/Latina Populations / Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Queer, and Transgender Campers and Staff / Older Adults / Family and Multi-Generational Camping / An Inclusion Audit
Part II: THE ROLE OF CAMP STAFF
6. The Camp Counselor
Characteristics of a Good Counselor / Self-Appraisal / Other Ideas about Maturity and Camp Employment / The Counselor's Rewards / Getting a Job Offer
7. Counselors on the Job
Camp Staff / The Job Description / Pre-Camp Training / Counselor Relationships with Other Staff / The First Day of Camp / Resident Camp Housekeeping / Other Camp Responsibilities / Safety / Dining Room Procedures for Resident Camps / Rest and Sleep at Resident Camps / Other Considerations / Counselor-in-Training Programs / Top Counselor Responsibilities
8. Understanding Human Development
How to Influence Others / The Fundamental Desires / Basic Emotions / Developmental Characteristics / Campers Are Individuals / How Learning Takes Place / The Psychology of Learning / Behavior Management
9. Counselors as Group Leaders
Elements of Dynamic Leadership / Types of Leaders / Which Leadership Style Is Best? / Characteristics of a Good Leader / Group Development Stages / Group Process Model / Working with a Group / Developing Camper Leadership
10. The Counselor's Role in Guidance
Patterns of Guidance / Suggestions for Observing Behavior / Guidance through Group Discussions / Guidance through Individual Discussions
11. Potential Problems
Appropriate Mental Health / Developing Insight / Withdrawn or Evasive Campers / Aggressive Campers / Bullying / Homesick Campers / Racism, Heterosexism, Sexism, and Other Prejudicial Behavior / Enuresis / Child Abuse / Dietary Concerns and Eating Disorders / Sexual Interest, Innuendo, and Sexual Identity / Strong Friendships, Hero Worship, and Crushes / Substance Abuse / Counseling Strategies and Advice
Part III: CAMP ACTIVITIES
12. Planning the Program
Program Mission, Goals, and Objectives / Camp Logic Models / Why Programs Differ / Changing Program Emphases / The Conception of a Program / The Test of a Good Program Activity / Activities, Projects, and Events
13. Spiritual Life, Ceremonies, and Special Events
Spiritual Aspects of Camping / Worship Services and Devotion / Special Events / Flag Ceremonies / Evening Outdoor Programs
14. Music, Rhythm, and Drama Activities
Singing in the Camp Program / Rhythmical Instruments / Drama Activites
15. Literature and Writing
Camp Reading Programs / Storytelling / Creative Writing
16. Arts and Crafts
An Indigenous Program / Conducting the Program / Possible Projects
17. Nature, Ecology, and Science
Understanding the Ecosystem Concept / Nature Appreciation and Learning Activities / Studies in the Environment
18. The Waterfront
Water Safety / Program Trends / The Waterfront Staff / The Swimming, Diving, and Lifesaving Program / Boating
19. Outdoor Adventure Programs
Characteristics of Adventure Programs / Values of Adventure Programs / Core Components / Risk versus Challenge / The Role of the Leader / Initiative Games, Trust Exercises, and Ropes Courses / Trip Camping
20. Physical Activity and Other Camp Opportunities
Physical Activity in Camps / Sports and Physical Activity / Horseback Riding / Other Opportunities for Physical Activity / Other Innovative Program Opportunities
Part IV: OUTDOOR LIVING, CAMPING, AND TRAIL SKILLS
21. Safety and Emergency Skills
Common Health and Safety Problems at Camp / Dealing with Emergencies / Plant Hazards / Creature Hazards
22. Knots and Lashing
Ropes / Knots / Lashing
23. The Weather
Weather Forecasting / Precipitation and Related Weather / Clouds / Weather Instruments
24. Finding Your Way in the Outdoors
Navigation Aids / Do Not Get Lost / Telling Directions without a Compass / Way-Finding Games / Orienteering / Geocaching
25. Hiking and Trail Skills
Care for Your Feet / Loading and Carrying a Pack / Hiking Techniques / Low and Minimum Impact Hiking and Camping Techniques / Hiking Variations for Additional Fun
26. Using a Knife, Axe, and Other Tools
The Camp Knife / Axes / Saws / Other Tools
27. Tents and Shelters
Types of Tents / Tent Features / Selecting a Tent / Use and Care of Tents / Tarp and Poncho Shelters
28. Sleeping Outdoors
Requirements for Sleeping Comfort / Blanket Beds / Mattresses / Ground Sheet or Tarp
29. Camp Stoves and Wood Fires
Alternatives to Wood Fires / Wood Fires
30. Food and Outdoor Cooking
Planning Meals / Packing Food / Outdoor Cooking / Keeping Food Safe
31. Gear for Camping and Trips
Ditty Bags and Stuff Sacks / Clothing / Miscellaneous Articles and Equipment / Checklists for Packing Equipment
Appendix A: Suggestions for Conducting Courses in Camp Counseling
Appendix B: The Best, Most Incredible Staff Training
Appendix C: Suggestions for Conducting Camp CIT (Counselor-in-Training) Courses
Appendix D: 21st Century Camp Bibliography